Abstract
BackgroundMaintaining and building healthy bones during the lifetime requires a complicated interaction between a number of physiological and lifestyle factors. Our goal of this study was to analyze the association between hand grip strength and the maximum peak expiratory flow with bone mineral density and content in adolescent students.MethodsThe research team studied 1427 adolescent students of both sexes (750 males and 677 females) between the ages of 11.0 and 18.9 years in the Maule Region of Talca (Chile). Weight, standing height, sitting height, hand grip strength (HGS), and maximum peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. Furthermore, bone mineral density (BMD) and total body bone mineral content (BMC) were determined by using the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Hand grip strength and PEF were categorized in tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest). Linear regression was performed in steps to analyze the relationship between the variables. Differences between categories were determined through ANOVA.ResultsIn males, the hand grip strength explained 18–19% of the BMD and 20–23% of the BMC. For the females, the percentage of variation occurred between 12 and 13% of the BMD and 17–18% of the BMC. The variation of PEF for the males was observed as 33% of the BMD and 36% of the BMC. For the females, both the BMD and BMC showed a variation of 19%. The HGS and PEF were divided into three categories (lowest, middle, and highest). In both cases, significant differences occurred in bone density health between the three categories.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the HGS and the PEF related positively to the bone density health of both sexes of adolescent students. The adolescents with poor values for hand grip strength and expiratory flow showed reduced values of BMD and BMC for the total body. Furthermore, the PEF had a greater influence on bone density health with respect to the HGS of the adolescents of both sexes.
Highlights
Maintaining and building healthy bones during the lifetime requires a complicated interaction between a number of physiological and lifestyle factors
Few studies have been carried out focusing on children and adolescents associating hand grip strength and maximum expiratory flow with bone density and bone mineral content [5, 6]
Cossio-Bolaños et al bone mineral content (BMC) Pediatrics (2018) 18:96 and adults [7,8,9,10,11]. These have demonstrated that hand grip strength, maximum oxygen consumption, and maximum expiratory flow are associated with bone mineral density in adults
Summary
Maintaining and building healthy bones during the lifetime requires a complicated interaction between a number of physiological and lifestyle factors. Our goal of this study was to analyze the association between hand grip strength and the maximum peak expiratory flow with bone mineral density and content in adolescent students. It is well known that peak bone mass is acquired during childhood and adolescence This may be a key determinant of bone health and future fracture risk during adulthood [1]. Few studies have been carried out focusing on children and adolescents associating hand grip strength and maximum expiratory flow with bone density and bone mineral content [5, 6]. Cossio-Bolaños et al BMC Pediatrics (2018) 18:96 and adults [7,8,9,10,11] These have demonstrated that hand grip strength, maximum oxygen consumption, and maximum expiratory flow are associated with bone mineral density in adults. During normal activity, the increased reactionary forces that control the musculoskeletal system are associated with and justified by the mechanostat theory
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