Hand Designs in Rock Art from Northern Baja California, Mexico

Abstract

Hand representations are scarce in the rock art from northern Baja California. They have been identified at only five archaeological sites located in the territory that was inhabited by Kumeyaay groups during the late prehistoric period. The analyzed hand designs are associated with geometric elements, mainly concentric circles, diamonds, zigzags, triangles, and schematic anthropomorphic designs with or without fingers and toes; these elements are characteristic of the graphic style known as La Rumorosa. The designs can be classified into two categories, drawn hands and positive imprints. Some of the latter may be decorated or stylized. In all cases, the designs are monochromatic and were made with red, white, or black pigments. The lack of uniformity in the representation, style, colors, and placement of the designs on the panels seems to indicate that hand impression was not a common practice and that the analyzed cases are related to special events in the ritual activity that involved a diverse population.