Abstract
(1) Background: Although innovations and improvements in towing systems have been available, tow-training method has not been considered favored in the training context. Tow-training may enable high stride frequency if hamstring injuries do not occur. The purpose of this study was to prevent hamstring injuries during supramaximal running and to optimize tow-training. (2) Methods: We investigated the relationship between the number of hamstring injuries that occurred during supramaximal running and the contents of the prevention programs that have been implemented, i.e., 4 years of the baseline programs and 12 years of the intervention. (3) Results: The incidence of hamstring injuries per 1000 sprinters was 57.5 for baseline and 6.7 for intervention. A significant difference was observed in the incidence of hamstring injury between the different combinations of prevention programs (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: Tow-training was optimized by (1) preventing hamstring injuries by combination of strength, agility, and flexibility training programs and (2) advising the sprinters to press the leg onto the ground as fast as possible to increase stride frequency and to prevent stride lengthening.
Highlights
Supramaximal running velocity has been used in sprint training in order to increase stride frequency [1]
A significant difference was observed in the incidence of hamstring injury between the different combinations of prevention programs (p < 0.01)
The stride frequency during supramaximal running increased compared with maximal running (p < 0.05)
Summary
Supramaximal running velocity has been used in sprint training in order to increase stride frequency [1]. Running velocity is determined by stride frequency and stride length. The large negative power of the knee flexors (hamstrings) and the large positive power of the hip extensor contribute to high stride frequency, enabling the sprinter to run at higher speeds [2,3]. The mechanical power exerted by the hamstrings, which function in hip extension and knee flexion, becomes greater in the swing phase than it is when running at maximal speed [2,4]. It is necessary to follow a particular program to acquire higher stride frequency by exerting great power in the bi-articular muscles of the hamstrings, which cross both the hip and the knee joints [5]
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