Hamilton–Jacobi approach to thermodynamic transformations

Abstract

In this note, we formulate and study a Hamilton–Jacobi approach for describing thermodynamic transformations. The thermodynamic phase space assumes the structure of a contact manifold with the points representing equilibrium states being restricted to certain submanifolds of this phase space. We demonstrate that Hamilton–Jacobi theory consistently describes thermodynamic transformations on the space of externally controllable parameters or equivalently the space of equilibrium states. It turns out that in the Hamilton–Jacobi description, the choice of the principal function is not unique but, the resultant dynamical description for a given transformation remains the same irrespective of this choice. Some examples involving thermodynamic transformations of the ideal gas are discussed where the characteristic curves on the space of equilibrium states completely describe the dynamics. The geometric Hamilton–Jacobi formulation which has emerged recently is also discussed in the context of thermodynamics.