Halophilic Microbes from Plant Growing Under the Hypersaline Habitats and Their Application for Plant Growth and Mitigation of Salt Stress

Abstract

Salinity of the agriculture soil is the serious issue all over the world, and it is also an important environmental factor for reduction of growth and yield of agricultural crops. The density of more salt available in soil may alter the physiological and metabolic activities in the agricultural crops and reduce the growth and production of crops both qualitative and quantitative ways. For combating against soil salinity, many transgenic salt-tolerant crops have been developed but far too little is success. For solution, in the soils the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can reduce soil salinity, load of chemical fertilizers, and pesticide in the agricultural field, and improve soil health, seed germination, crop growth, and productivity under saline condition PGPR accepted as potential microbes that can tolerate various atmospheric circumstances like more temperature, pH, and saline soils. In the saline environment, many halophilic/halotolerant bacteria and plants/halophytes are observed/adapted and perform a significant role in saline soil ecosystem. Innumerable microfloral communities and halophytes contain salt-tolerant gene, and they perform as an essential protagonist in subsistence for extreme environmental condition especially salt. It can be concluded that PGPR can be used as a supportable, manageable, sustainable, and economical tool for salinity tolerance and productivity of crops/plants.