Abstract
A halophilic archaeal strain, designated F16-60T, was isolated from Isla Cristina marine saltern in Huelva, Spain. Cells were pleomorphic, irregular, non-motile, and Gram-stain-negative. It produced red-pigmented colonies on agar plates. Strain F16-60T was extremely halophilic (optimum at 30% (w/v) NaCl) and neutrophilic (optimum pH 7.5). Phylogenetic tree reconstructions based on 16S rRNA and rpoB´ gene sequences revealed that strain F16-60T was distinct from species of the related genera Natronomonas, Halomarina, and Halomicrobium, of the order Halobacteriales. The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS), and one glycolipid chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1). The DNA G+C content is 68.0 mol%. The taxonomic study, based on a combination of phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic analyses, suggest that strain F16-60T (= CECT 9635T = JCM 33318T), represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Haloarculaceae and the order Halobacteriales, for which the name Haloglomus irregulare gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Metagenomic fragment recruitment analysis revealed the worldwide distribution of members of this genus and suggested the existence of other closely related species to be isolated.
Highlights
The class Halobacteria is a major group within the domain Archaea, and comprises halophilic archaea which are typically found in hypersaline environments, such as salt lakes, soda lakes, or salterns [1]
Our data suggest that strain F16-60T is not related to any previous haloarchaeal taxa and we propose it as a new genus and species, Haloglomus irregulare gen. nov., sp. nov
The EzBioCloud tool was used for the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis and showed that strain F16-60T (1400 bp) shared the higher sequence similarities with the type strains Natronomonas moolapensis 8.8.11T (92.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Natronomonas pharaonis DSM 2160T (92.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by species of other genera such as Halobacterium, Halomarina, and Halomicrobium, with percentages of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity in all cases lower than 92.5%
Summary
The class Halobacteria is a major group within the domain Archaea, and comprises halophilic archaea ( called haloarchaea) which are typically found in hypersaline environments, such as salt lakes, soda lakes, or salterns [1]. Marine salterns are thalassohaline environments, which constitute excellent models for ecological studies based on their structure of a series of ponds with different salinities, and have been long-term targets for the study of halophilic microbial diversity [6]. One of these salterns is located in Isla Cristina, Southwest coast of Spain (37◦ 12 N 7◦ 19 O). We determined that this new haloarchaeon is widely distributed in different hypersaline habitats
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