Abstract
Ultra-high-pressure (UHP) eclogites and ultramafites and associated fluid inclusions from the Western Gneiss Region, Norwegian Caledonides, have been analysed for F, Cl, Br and I using electron-probe micro-analysis, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and neutron-irradiated noble gas mass spectrometry. Textures of multi-phase and fluid inclusions in the cores of silicate grains indicate formation during growth of the host crystal at UHP. Halogens are predominantly hosted by fluid inclusions with a minor component from mineral inclusions such as biotite, phengite, amphibole and apatite. The reconstructed fluid composition contains between 11.3 and 12.1 wt% Cl, 870 and 8900 ppm Br and 6 and 169 ppm I. F/Cl ratios indicate efficient fractionation of F from Cl by hydrous mineral crystallisation. Heavy halogen ratios are higher than modern seawater by up to two orders of magnitude for Br/Cl and up to three orders of magnitude for I/Cl. No correlation exists between Cl and Br or I, while Br and I show good correlation, suggesting that Cl behaved differently to Br and I during subduction. Evolution to higher Br/Cl ratios is similar to trends defined by eclogitic hydration reactions and seawater evaporation, indicating preferential removal of Cl from the fluid during UHP metamorphism. This study, by analogy, offers a field model for an alternative source (continental crust) and mechanism (metasomatism by partial melts or supercritical fluids) by which halogens may be transferred to and stored in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle during transient subduction of a continental margin.
Highlights
Halogens show a range from moderate to highly incompatible behaviour within silicate minerals, relative to silicate melts and aqueous fluids [1,2,3,4,5]
The full datasets for major element data, modal mineral abundances, secondary ion maps and halogen concentrations and ratios measured in samples by electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA), TOF-SIMS
The texture of the multi-phase inclusions (MPIs) and fluid inclusions indicates that they are primary inclusions formed during the growth of the host mineral
Summary
Halogens show a range from moderate to highly incompatible behaviour within silicate minerals, relative to silicate melts and aqueous fluids [1,2,3,4,5]. Their preference for entering silicate melts and aqueous fluids implies that their distribution within the mantle and crust is controlled by fluid transfer processes between reservoirs, such as magmatic melting, degassing and dehydration reactions [6,7,8]. Useful tracers of volatile transport processes operating both within the mantle and between the mantle and crust. The volatile content of the mantle is important to understand and quantify, as it affects properties such as the melting point of mantle rocks and minerals, their viscosity and their rheology [19]
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