Abstract
In organic synthesis, due to their high electrophilicity and leaving group properties, halogens play pivotal roles in the activation and structural derivations of organic compounds. Recently, cyclizations induced by halogen groups that allow the production of diverse targets and the structural reorganization of organic molecules have attracted significant attention from synthetic chemists. Electrophilic halogen atoms activate unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbon moieties by generating halonium intermediates, followed by the attack of carbon-containing, nitrogen-containing, oxygen-containing, and sulfur-containing nucleophiles to give highly functionalized carbocycles and heterocycles. New transformations of halogenated organic molecules that can control the formation and stereoselectivity of the products, according to the difference in the size and number of halogen atoms, have recently been discovered. These unique cyclizations may possibly be used as efficient synthetic strategies with future advances. In this review, innovative reactions controlled by halogen groups are discussed as a new concept in the field of organic synthesis.
Highlights
Halogen sources, such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine, are present in high abundance on the earth and are indispensable in organic synthesis since they enhance the reactivity of organic compounds.The use of halogen-containing reagents and oxidants in modern chemistry means that the environmental impact of a reaction is lowered when compared with the use of heavy metals, expanding the field of activity for the synthesis of cyclic compounds
These intramolecular cyclizations for isomerization of olefinsof(Figure. These the selective synthesis isomers and theircontrollable derivatives.intramolecular cyclizations are excellent for the selective synthesis of isomers and their derivatives
Authors proposed a reaction in high-valent species, I+ generated from The tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP),mechanism and I2 under whichconditions, the active high-valent iodine species
Summary
Halogen sources, such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine, are present in high abundance on the earth and are indispensable in organic synthesis since they enhance the reactivity of organic compounds. 1a), whereas substrate-switchable can be defined as afrom synthetic sequencevia inreagent which the final(Figure products can be altered, according to the reactions can be defined as isomerisms a synthetic sequence in which the final productsofcan be altered, to pre-modifications and/or of the substrates, e.g., protection amines and according the cis-trans the pre-modifications and/or isomerisms of controllable the substrates, e.g., protection of amines are andexcellent the cis-trans isomerization of olefins. These the selective synthesis isomers and theircontrollable derivatives.intramolecular cyclizations are excellent for the selective synthesis of isomers and their derivatives
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