Abstract
We examined F, Cl, Br and I concentrations and distributions in eclogite facies rocks and minerals from the Western and Central Alpine ophiolitic zone to determine halogen behaviour in subduction zones, and to identify potential host phases that may be able to transport halogens to the deeper mantle. Analysis was carried out on a range of ophiolitic lithologies — peridotites, serpentinites, metagabbros, metabasalts and metasediments — to assess the distribution of halogens within deeply subducted oceanic crust. Halogen abundances in individual mineral phases range from below detection (∼100 ppm) to ∼1900 ppm for F, ∼1 to ∼3000 ppm for Cl, ∼1 to ∼11,000 ppb for Br and from <1 to ∼1300 ppb for I. Bulk rock estimates of Cl, Br and I abundances are variable, but are generally more than one order of magnitude lower than those in altered oceanic crust (AOC), suggesting major halogen loss prior to or during eclogite facies metamorphism. Fluorine, however, can be enriched within metabasalts and metasediments, relative to the heavy halogens, suggesting F can be retained at eclogite facies conditions within the upper layers of the subducting slab. Bulk rock estimates suggest that upon reaching eclogite facies, the subducting slab has lost over 90% Cl, Br and I. Bromine and iodine concentrations show positive correlation, suggesting that they exhibit similar behaviour at high pressure. A lack of any other correlations suggest that F and Cl behave differently to Br and I during subduction. Elevated F/Cl, Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios, relative to AOC, suggest the preferential loss of Cl during shallower depths of subduction. In situ analyses and chemical mapping using electron probe micro-analysis and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry indicate that measured halogen abundances are primarily hosted within the mineral structure. Overall, our dataset provides new constraints on the available inventory of halogens that can be transferred to the deeper mantle via the subduction of oceanic crust.
Highlights
The halogens — fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) — are elements that exhibit increasingly incompatible and volatile behaviour from F to I
This study provides a systematic investigation of halogen contents and distributions in eclogite facies, ophiolitic lithologies, using chemical and imaging techniques to measure and map halogen concentrations and distributions in high-pressure hydrous and anhydrous minerals from the Western and Central Alps
Uniform halogen distributions observed via Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOFSIMS), coupled with in situ abundances by TOF-SIMS and electron-probe micro analysis (EPMA) that match those measured by NI-NGMS (Fig. A.1), both suggest that the concentrations of halogens measured in this study are primarily bound within the structure of the mineral
Summary
The halogens — fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) — are elements that exhibit increasingly incompatible and volatile behaviour from F to I. These properties make them useful tracers with which to investi-. Analytical limitation in measuring the ppb-levels of Br and I within natural mineral assemblages has held back progress in understanding halogen behaviour in subduction zones. Previous studies have focused primarily on serpentinites and blueschists, on the behaviour of Cl during subduction
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