Abstract
To develop the corrosion resistance and improve the biological performance of a titanium implant (Ti6Al4V alloy), a series of mineral (M = Zn and Mg)-substituted hydroxyapatite (MHA), chitosan-MHA (CS-MHA), halloysite nanotube-MHA (HNT-MHA), and HNT-CS-MHA composite coatings were fabricated on the anodized titanium alloy by electrodeposition. The surface morphology and cross section of various coated composites were investigated by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). Furthermore, the functional groups and phase structure of the composite coatings were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Corrosion behaviors of the composite coatings were also investigated by polarization and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, the cell-material interaction of the composite coating was observedin vitrowith human osteoblast MG63 cells for cell proliferation at 1, 4, and 7 days of incubation. Consequently, HNT-CS-MHA-Ti may have potential applications in the field of orthopedic and dental implants.
Highlights
Biomaterials are natural or artificial materials currently used in making implants or structures, which should be chemically and biologically active to the surrounding tissues and human body fluid [1]
The surface of Ti alloy loses its efficiencies because the human body fluids leach out aluminum and vanadium ions; because of their inefficiency to form a chemical bond with bony tissue, loosening may occur over a long period, becoming a critical problem known as poor osteoconductivity; a high concentration of these metal ions causes a negative effect on living organisms [4]
high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) observations of MHA, CS-MHA, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)-MHA, and HNT-CS-MHA composite-coated Ti alloy specimens, respectively, are shown in Figures 1(a)–1(d). e surface morphology of the MHA-deposited coating on the Ti alloy specimen (Figure 1(a)) exhibited the formation of nonuniformly arranged spherical-like microstructure which appears to be loosely bound to the specimen substrate. e HR-SEM image of CS-MHA coating on implant specimen surface is entirely covered with sponge-like structure morphology (Figure 1(b))
Summary
Biomaterials are natural or artificial materials currently used in making implants or structures, which should be chemically and biologically active to the surrounding tissues and human body fluid [1]. The surface of Ti alloy loses its efficiencies because the human body fluids leach out aluminum and vanadium ions; because of their inefficiency to form a chemical bond with bony tissue, loosening may occur over a long period, becoming a critical problem known as poor osteoconductivity; a high concentration of these metal ions causes a negative effect on living organisms [4]. In this circumstance, implant surfaces cannot chemically bond with natural bones, and they do not support new bone formation. Anodic oxidation has become an attractive method for preparing oxide films on titanium alloy
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