Hall Viscosity in Quantum Systems with Discrete Symmetry: Point Group and Lattice Anisotropy

Abstract

Inspired by recent experiments on graphene, we examine the nondissipative viscoelastic response of anisotropic two-dimensional quantum systems. We pay particular attention to electron fluids with point group symmetries and those with discrete translational symmetry. We start by extending the Kubo formalism for viscosity to systems with internal degrees of freedom and discrete translational symmetry, highlighting the importance of properly considering the role of internal angular momentum. We analyze the Hall components of the viscoelastic response tensor in systems with discrete point group symmetry, focusing on the hydrodynamic implications of the resulting forces. We show that though there are generally six Hall viscosities, there are only three independent contributions to the viscous force density in the bulk. To compute these coefficients, we develop a framework to consistently write down the long-wavelength stress tensor and viscosity for multicomponent lattice systems. We apply our formalism to lattice and continuum models, including a lattice Chern insulator and anisotropic superfluid.Received 27 October 2019Accepted 28 February 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021005Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasTopological phases of matterTechniquesHydrodynamicsLinear response theoryCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics