Abstract
Togepsyllinae is a distinctive group within Psylloidea, with its systematic status treated variously by different authors. Of the only two known genera, Togepsylla is better known and distributed in temperate and tropical East Asia. In this study, the taxonomy and morphology of Togepsylla was studied in detail. Keys to adults and fifth instar immatures of the genus are provided. Togepsylla glutinosae sp. n. is described, and T. matsumurana, T. takahashii, and T. tibetana are redescribed. Syncoptozus is compared with Togepsylla for differences in morphology. Modern psyllids have evolved their jumping hind legs via the elongation of the dorsal edge of coxa, the broadening of coxal wall, the thickening of meron, the backward twisting of the plane of trochanter, femur, and tibia, and the enlargement of trochanteral tendon. However, in Togepsylla, this modification has progressed halfway. The metapleuron of Togepsylla is arranged in a different way than other psyllids. The pleural sulcus is short, and the metepisternum and trochantin are not divided. Wax-secreting fields on abdominal sternites, resembling those of whiteflies, are found on all Togepsylla species, and described for the first time. Other distinctive characters of the genus are also revealed, e.g. frons completely fused with gena, a pair of extra sclerites present behind the base of thoracic furca, one-segmented aedeagus, and absence of a flag lobe on valvula dorsalis of ovipositor. Based on various similarities in morphology, Togepsyllinae may have a close relationship with Aphalaridae-Rhinocolinae and is possibly related to Homotomidae, Liviidae-Liviinae and Atmetocranium (Calophyidae). All the distinctive characters of Togepsyllinae suggest that the current placement of the group is doubtful, and the phylogeny of Aphalaridae needs to be resolved.
Highlights
Psylloidea, the superfamily of jumping plant lice, is a group of phloem-sucking insects with strict host specificity
Based on an integration of East Asian collections, this study aims to revise the taxonomy of the genus Togepsylla, and reassess the distinctive morphological characters of it
This study is based on the collections of the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (CAU), the Natural History Museum, London (BNHM), Hiromitsu Inoue’s personal collection (HIC), and the Osaka Museum of Natural History (OMNH)
Summary
Psylloidea, the superfamily of jumping plant lice, is a group of phloem-sucking insects with strict host specificity. The genus contains only three known species to date: Togepsylla matsumurana Kuwayama, 1949, T. takahashii Kuwayama, 1931 (type species), and T. tibetana (Yang & Li, 1981). Yang and Li (1981) erected Hemipteripsylla to contain H. tibetana and T. matsumurana, which possess relatively short setae based on short projections and lack tiny spines on the dorsum of aedeagus. These characters were accurately recognized, considered insufficient to support an alternative genus, by Hodkinson (1990), who synonymized Hemipteripsylla with Togepsylla
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