Abstract
Abstract. Intertidal habitats are unique because they spend alternating periods of submergence (at high tide) and emergence (at low tide) every day. Thus, intertidal temperature is mainly driven by sea surface temperature (SST) during high tides and by air temperature during low tides. Because of that, the switch from high to low tides and vice versa can determine rapid changes in intertidal thermal conditions. On cold-temperate shores, which are characterized by cold winters and warm summers, intertidal thermal conditions can also change considerably with seasons. Despite this uniqueness, knowledge on intertidal temperature dynamics is more limited than for open seas. This is especially true for wave-exposed intertidal habitats, which, in addition to the unique properties described above, are also characterized by wave splash being able to moderate intertidal thermal extremes during low tides. To address this knowledge gap, we measured temperature every half hour during a period of 5.5 years (2014–2019) at nine wave-exposed rocky intertidal locations spanning 415 km of the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. This data set is freely available from the figshare online repository (Scrosati and Ellrich, 2020a; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12462065.v1). We summarize the main properties of this data set by focusing on location-wise values of daily maximum and minimum temperature and daily SST, which we make freely available as a separate data set in figshare (Scrosati et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12453374.v1). Overall, this cold-temperate coast exhibited a wide annual SST range, from a lowest overall value of −1.8 ∘C in winter to a highest overall value of 22.8 ∘C in summer. In addition, the latitudinal SST trend along this coast experienced a reversal from winter (when SST increased southwards) to summer (when SST decreased southwards), seemingly driven by alongshore differences in summer coastal upwelling. Daily temperature maxima and minima were more extreme, as expected from their occurrence during low tides, ranging from a lowest overall value of −16.3 ∘C in winter to a highest overall value of 41.2 ∘C in summer. Daily maximum temperature in summer varied little along the coast, while daily minimum temperature in winter increased southwards. This data set is the first of its kind for the Atlantic Canadian coast and exemplifies in detail how intertidal temperature varies in wave-exposed environments on a cold-temperate coast.
Highlights
Rocky intertidal habitats are those occurring on marine rocky shores between the highest and lowest elevations reached by tides
Data on intertidal temperature are considerably less common in terms of both spatial and temporal coverage (Lathlean et al, 2014; Umanzor et al, 2017; Scrosati and Ellrich, 2018a). This is especially true for waveexposed intertidal habitats, as remote sensing methods that are commonly used for open waters cannot capture the quick, localized temperature changes caused by tides and waves
It would be interesting to study whether North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) might interact (Wu and Lin, 2012; Nalley et al, 2019) to affect winds, upwelling, and intertidal temperature along the Nova Scotian coast
Summary
Rocky intertidal habitats are those occurring on marine rocky shores between the highest and lowest elevations reached by tides. Scrosati et al.: Intertidal temperature changes along the Atlantic Canadian coast low tide, especially on hot days in spring and summer (Watt and Scrosati, 2013; Lathlean et al, 2014; Umanzor et al, 2017) and cold days in winter (Scrosati and Ellrich, 2018a). Data on intertidal temperature are considerably less common in terms of both spatial and temporal coverage (Lathlean et al, 2014; Umanzor et al, 2017; Scrosati and Ellrich, 2018a) This is especially true for waveexposed intertidal habitats, as remote sensing methods that are commonly used for open waters (e.g., satellites) cannot capture the quick, localized temperature changes caused by tides and waves.
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