Abstract

1. Lithuanian rabbis have been studying halakhic sources as valuable in themselves, and not just, or not so much for the legal practice. There were rather theoretical religious-legal activities of intellect than activity, based on pragmatic purposes, seeking to regulate religious practices and ethical attitudes. 2. Texts of Lithuanian rabbis reveal that ritual matters, even related to the Second Temple period, were most analyzed and even in the beginning of twentieth century in the search both of solving some of the current halakhic problems, as well as simply analyzing problems purely theoretically. Mainly have been used analytical and analogical methods. 3. As is apparent from examples of commentaries to Halakhot Gdolot by R. Zeev Wolf ben Arye Lipkin (end of 18th–19th c.), also commentaries of Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbis analyzed texts of halakhic authorities carefully and critically, comparing them with the Halakha sources (Talmud, Tosefta), indicating even inaccuracies. 4. Lithuanian halakhic thought, influenced by Vilna Gaon, was characterized by a certain devotion to original texts, sources of the Halakha, whose authority surpassed authority of codex’s of subsequent generations, using critical analytical thinking, principle of analogy, by trusting one’s own reason, that originated from a certain religious attitude. 5. In the book of Chaim of Volozhin, on of the main authors for studying contrasts of hassidic and mitnagdic Thought’s in Lithuania, Nefesh ha-Hayim, is seen a mitnagdic attempt to ground superiority of studying of Torah and Halakha without any pragmatic interest, as the central religious practice, even if based on the same mystical Jewish heritage that served hassidim to develop quite different religious attitudes.

Highlights

  • Texts of Lithuanian rabbis reveal that ritual matters, even related to the Second Temple period, were most analyzed and even in the beginning of twentieth century in the search both of solving some of the current halakhic problems, as well as analyzing problems purely theoretically

  • Lithuanian halakhic thought, influenced by Vilna Gaon, was characterized by a certain devotion to original texts, sources of the Halakha, whose authority surpassed authority of codex’s of subsequent generations, using critical analytical thinking, principle of analogy, by trusting one’s own reason, that originated from a certain religious attitude

  • Keywo rd s : Halakha, Lithuanian Halakha, Vilna Gaon, Hayim of Volozhin, analytical thinking

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Summary

Aušra Pažėraitė

Straipsnyje svarstomos Lietuvos žydų halachinio mąstymo ypatybės, pasitelkus keletą XVIII a. pabaigos–XX a. pradžios rabinų tekstų. Straipsnyje svarstomos Lietuvos žydų halachinio mąstymo ypatybės, pasitelkus keletą XVIII a. Straipsnyje aptariama, kaip šis mąstymas XIX a. Straipsnyje parodoma, kad Lietuvos Halachos autoritetų Halachos samprata buvo grįsta ne pragmatiškumo, o pragmatiško nesuinteresuotumo nuostata, siekiant religinio Halachos studijavimo idealo, suprantamo kaip studijavimas dėl paties studijavimo. Pagrindiniai žodžiai : Halacha, Lietuvos rabinai, žydų teisė, Vilniaus Gaonas, Chaimas iš Valažino, mitnagdai, chasidai. Izraelio teisininkas Menachemas Elonas savo fundamentalaus keturtomio veikalo apie žydų teisę „Ha-Mišpat ha-Ivri“, išleisto 1979 metais Kaip teigia Hanina ben Menahemas[2], yra „šiuolaikinis išradimas, paraidinis pasakymo „jüdisches Recht“ vertimas. Šiuolaikinė, Vakarų teisės sąvoka, atspindėta „Mishpat Ivri“ sąvokoje, remiasi trimis pagrindiniais reikalavimais: 1) įstatymai turi priklausyti bendrai sistemai; 2) kiekvienos tokios sistemos viduje yra autoritetingi teisės šaltiniai, ir bet koks tinkamas įstatymo pritaikymas turi būti pateisintas rėmimusi tais

Judaizmo klausimai
Lietuvos žydų halachinio mąstymo ypatumai
Mistinių koncepcijų perinterpretavimas
Summary
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