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Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of baldness and its incidence has increased over the past few years with an earlier age of onset being widely reported all over the world. Although it is reported more often in men, it affects women as well. With the growing cosmetic concern of patients, emphasis has shifted from the more traditional treatment options such as finasteride and minoxidil to surgical options such as hair transplantation. This review briefly highlights all of the treatment options available for AGA so far. A special focus is on current data available on hair transplantation surgeries and the various methods, merits and demerits and limitations of surgery. The literature research considered published journal articles (scientific reviews) from 1990 to date. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) and the reference lists of respective articles. Only articles available in English were considered for this review.
Highlights
Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is a genetic type of hair loss with varying incidence and severity across different age groups and races [1]
The androgen testosterone in its active form i.e., dihydrotestosterone (DHT) acts on receptors on the hair follicle and causes its gradual miniaturization. This converts terminal hair into vellus hair, eventually leading to baldness [2]. As these androgen receptors are expressed to a greater degree in the hair follicles of the frontal and vertex region of the scalp in men, AGA manifests as a progressive pattern type of hair loss affecting these regions with a relative sparing of the occipital and temporal regions [3,4]
DHT binds to its receptors on hair follicles and leads to its gradual miniaturization [6]
Summary
Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is a genetic type of hair loss with varying incidence and severity across different age groups and races [1]. The androgen testosterone in its active form i.e., dihydrotestosterone (DHT) acts on receptors on the hair follicle and causes its gradual miniaturization. This converts terminal hair into vellus hair, eventually leading to baldness [2]. As these androgen receptors are expressed to a greater degree in the hair follicles of the frontal and vertex region of the scalp in men, AGA manifests as a progressive pattern type of hair loss affecting these regions with a relative sparing of the occipital and temporal regions [3,4]. The best results are obtained when a combination of treatments are used
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