Abstract
Hair loss (alopecia) is a universal problem for numerous people in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of red ginseng oil (RGO) and its major components on hair re-growth using testosterone (TES)-induced delay of anagen entry in C57BL/6 mice and their mechanisms of action. Seven-week-old C57BL/6 mice were daily treated with TES for 1 h prior to topical application of 10% RGO, 1% linoleic acid (LA), 1% β-sitosterol (SITOS), or 1% bicyclo(10.1.0)tridec-1-ene (BICYCLO) once a day for 28 days. Hair regenerative capacity was significantly restored by treatment of RGO and its major compounds in the TES-treated mice. Histological analysis showed that RGO along with LA and SITOS but not BICYCLO promoted hair growth through early inducing anagen phase that was delayed by TES in mice. Treatment of mice with RGO, LA, or SITOS up-regulated Wnt/β-catenin and Shh/Gli pathways-mediated expression of genes such as β-catenin, Lef-1, Sonic hedgehog, Smoothened, Gli-1, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin E in the TES-treated mice. In addition, RGO and its major components reduced the protein level of TGF-β but enhanced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These results suggest that RGO is a potent novel therapeutic natural product for treatment of androgenic alopecia possibly through hair re-growth activity of its major components such as LA and SITOS.
Highlights
Hair loss that refers to loss of some or all hairs on the head or body, which is caused by a wide range of factors from environments to genetics
transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) but enhanced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These results suggest that red ginseng oil (RGO) is a potent novel therapeutic natural product for treatment of androgenic alopecia possibly through hair re-growth activity of its major components such as linoleic acid (LA) and SITOS
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) models, telogenic dorsal skins of C57BL/6 mice were topically treated with RGO, LA, SITOS, or BICYCLO in the presence of TES once a day for 28 days
Summary
Hair loss that refers to loss of some or all hairs on the head or body, which is caused by a wide range of factors from environments to genetics. The occurrence of hair loss has dramatically increased. Hair loss is not a mortal disease, a common and emotionally distressing problem which affects social communication, mental health, and eventually overall quality of life. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common case of hair loss, affecting both men and women at different ages [1,2]. AGA is characterized by abnormal alterations in hair cycle and hair follicle structure. Androgens are believed to shorten anagen phase, leading to an increasing number of hair follicles in the catagen and telogen phase, and delaying telogen-to-anagen transition [3]
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