Abstract
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) inhibitors have been used effectively in the treatment of several cases of alopecia universalis and its variants. Our study aims to evaluate whether the emulsion extract of brevilin A from Centipeda minima (CMX) stimulates hair regrowth in a clinical trial, as a JAK3 inhibitor, combined with network pharmacology-based analysis. CMX showed potent inhibition of JAK3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Significant differences in total hair count, terminal hair count, and anagen hair count from the baseline to 24 weeks were observed between the placebo and CMX subjects. The gene set enrichment analysis showed that the targets of CMX are mainly associated with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, and the MAPK signaling pathway. This study suggests that the medicinal herbal extract CMX is useful in the treatment of mild to moderate vertex balding that contribute to the visible improvements in hair growth observed in treated patients.
Highlights
Alopecia areata, a common autoimmune disease characterized by patchy hair loss, affects all genders, ages, and hair colors [1]
From Centipeda minima (CMX) stimulates hair regrowth in a clinical trial combined with network pharmacology-based analysis
We evaluated the inhibitory effects of CMX and brevilin A, the active compound of CMX, on Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)
Summary
A common autoimmune disease characterized by patchy hair loss, affects all genders, ages, and hair colors [1]. The global prevalence of alopecia areata is approximately 0.1–0.2%, with an estimated lifetime risk of 2%. The hair cycle includes three main phases: anagen (active growth phase), catagen (apoptosis-driven phase), and telogen (rest phase). More than 90% of total scalp hair is in the anagen phase [4]. The hallmark of alopecia areata is the presence of lymphocytes in the bulb region of anagen hair follicles, with the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II in the follicular epithelium. The abnormal expression of MHC class I leads to the risk of attack by natural killer cells [2]
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