Abstract
This chapter defines the characteristics of hail and hail-caused functional damage to surfaces associated with residential and light commercial structures. Hail-strike damage claims, particularly concerning residential and light commercial properties, are one of the areas where forensic investigations frequently occur as a result of the actions by entrepreneurial roofing “experts” and the increasing number of claims reported by insurance companies. Asphalt or composition shingles are the most common residential roofing material in the United States and cover approximately four out of five residential homes. Asphalt shingles are durable, versatile, and more importantly, affordable when compared with other common roofing materials such as those discussed in later sections. A binder layer, consisting of asphaltic bitumen, is then sprayed onto the mat. This serves as a waterproofing material and to bond granules to the reinforcement layer. The loss of granules from asphalt shingles is a common and normal characteristic of shingles.
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