Hafnocene-based Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexene Germylenes - Formation, Reactivity, and Structural Flexibility.

Abstract

2,5-Disilylsubstituted germole dianions 1 react with hafnocene dichloride to give hafnocene-based bicyclo[2.1.1]hexene germylenes 3. Their formation proceeds via hafnocene-germylene complexes 2 that were identified by NMR and UV spectroscopy. Germylenes 3 are stabilized by homoconjugation between the empty 4p(Ge) orbital and the π-bond of the innercyclic C2═C3 double bond. This interaction can be understood as σ2, π-coordination of the butadiene part to the dicoordinated germanium atom that leaves the 16e- hafnocene moiety electronically unsaturated. We demonstrate that this new class of germylenes might serve as ligand to a variety of low-valent transition-metal complexes. The structure of the germylene ligand in complexes with Fe(0), Ni(0), and Au(I) and in reaction products with N-heterocyclic carbenes showed an intriguing structural flexibility that allows to accommodate different electronic situations at the ligating germanium atom. The origin of this structural adaptability is the interplay between the topological flexible unsaturated germanium ring and the hafnocene group.