Abstract
BackgroundDue to increasing aging of population prevalence of age-related disorders including osteoporosis is rapidly growing. Due to health and economic impact of the disease, there is an urgent need to develop techniques supporting bone metabolism and bone regeneration after fracture. Due to imbalance between bone forming and bone resorbing cells, the healing process of osteoporotic bone is problematic and prolonged. Thus searching for agents able to restore the homeostasis between these cells is strongly desirable.ResultsIn the present study, using ALD technology, we obtained homogeneous, amorphous layer of hafnium (IV) oxide (HfO2). Considering the specific growth rate (1.9Å/cycle) for the selected process at the temperature of 90 °C, we performed the 100 nm deposition process, which was confirmed by measuring film thickness using reflectometry. Then biological properties of the layer were investigated with pre-osteoblast (MC3T3), pre-osteoclasts (4B12) and macrophages (RAW 264.7) using immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR. We have shown, that HfO2 (i) enhance osteogenesis, (ii) reduce osteoclastogenesis (iii) do not elicit immune response and (iv) exert anti-inflammatory effects.ConclusionHfO2 layer can be applied to cover the surface of metallic biomaterials in order to enhance the healing process of osteoporotic bone fracture.
Highlights
Due to increasing aging of population prevalence of age-related disorders including osteoporosis is rapidly growing
Physicochemical analysis The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis (Fig. 1) indicated that H fO2 was formed on the surface during the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) growth process
In presented paper we described a deposition of a smooth amorphous layers of HfO2 using the ALD process and its characterization studies with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
Summary
Due to increasing aging of population prevalence of age-related disorders including osteoporosis is rapidly growing. Regenerative medicine is a fast-growing field that is being successfully applied in traumatology or reconstructive surgery, where it is showing to be a promising avenue for the treatment of elderly patients [1]. Metallic implants have been utilized for different medical purposes including orthopedics for short as well as long term fixations since many years [4]. The most frequently applied metallic materials in traumatology are stainless steel (SS), titanium or cobalt alloys [5]. For the fixation of simple fractures, usually SS is applied due to much lower costs than titanium alloys. Due to its corrosive nature and risk of allergic reaction due to released ions, SS is recommended for short term fixation procedures [6]. Metallic materials seem to be still an irreplaceable in reconstructive surgery, there are many reports indicating on their disadvantages including postoperative complications, distortion of post-operative metallic screws and inflammatory reactions [5]
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