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Abstract
Aloe products have been promoted for use in constipation, coughs, diabetes, arthritis, immune-system deficiencies and many other conditions, but the clinical efficiency in chickens is unknown. Therefore, the study was designed to determine the haemogram and serum enzymes activities of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) challenged broilers following supplementation of Aloe vera. One hundred and forty day-old broilers were grouped into seven 20 broilers/group, were treated with different concentrations of the extract for 30 days. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were challenged with 0.2 saline suspension of 106 ELD50 intradermal inoculation of NDV challenged strain up to the 30th day. Increase in serum protein, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, urea and gamma globulin levels among challenged group was concentration dependent (50 mg>100 mg>150 mg) but not statistically significant (P>0.05). Lymphocytosis among supplemented and challenged group was concentration dependent (50 mg>100 mg>150 mg) and statistically significant (P<0.05). Control group lymphocyte count was within normal range (55-70%). Heterophil and lymphocyte (H/L) ratio was lower in supplemented and challenged group. Oral intake of Aloe vera modulated leucocytes proliferation of the broilers and enhanced the cell differentiation in favour of the lymphocyte. Serum enzymes activities in broilers challenged with NDV following supplementation with A. vera juice were positively influenced, and modulated the excessive leakage of protein, globulin, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase in infected birds. This extract may therefore be seen as a good immunomodulator.
Highlights
It has been recommended that most diet be augmented with supplemental antioxidants and vitamins
Serum biochemistry of broiler chickens challenged with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) after supplementation with Aloe vera is shown in Table 1 below
Transaminases are the most commonly used indicators of cellular necrosis and increase in serum concentration may indicate liver malfunction [20]. They occupy a central position in amino acid metabolism; the elevation observed in this study could have a consequential effect on the amino acid metabolism in the birds, it may indicate some sort of injury to the organs like liver, heart, kidney, and brain, such injury may cause leakage of enzymes from damaged organs to the blood stream, the concentration of these enzymes predict the severity of damage
Summary
It has been recommended that most diet be augmented with supplemental antioxidants and vitamins. Some of the best studied and most readily available supplements are beta carotene, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A. Populations that have diets high in beta carotene have a lower incidence of certain forms of cancer [1]. In particular Aloe vera is used in alternative medicines and as a first aid material in some homes. Both the translucent inner pulp and the resinous yellow exudates from wounding the Aloe plant are used externally to relieve skin discomforts [3]. Systematic reviews of randomized and controlled clinical trials have provided no evidence that Aloe vera has a strong medicinal effect [5,6]
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