Haemodynamic, end-tidal carbon dioxide, saturated pressure of oxygen and electrocardiogram changes in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy: A comparative clinical evaluation

Abstract

In a prospective comparative hemodynamic, end tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), saturated pressure of oxygen (SpO2) and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy was conducted in 60 patients of either sex belonging to ASA grade I & II. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (group I) and open cholecystectomy (group II). Hemodynamic parameters, EtCO2, SpO2 and ECG parameters were recorded before induction (baseline) and at 10 min interval and thereafter throughout the procedure. Highly significant increase (p<.001) in pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure between the groups occurred within 30 -40 min. A very highly significant (p<.001) increase from the baseline was seen in EtCO2 at 40 and 50 minutes interval in group I. There were no major alterations in electrocardiogram and saturated pressure of oxygen in both the groups. The authors conclude that laparoscopic cholecystectomy causes notable physiological alteration than open cholecystectomy intraoperatively. There is statistically significant hemodynamic changes along with hypercarbia even in ASA I and II patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy as compared to open cholecystectomy .Therefore continuous hemodynamic, capnographic , pulse oximeter and ECG monitoring intra operatively are mandatory in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.