Haemodialysis catheters increase mortality as compared to arteriovenous accesses especially in elderly patients

Abstract

Catheter use has been associated with an increased mortality risk in haemodialysis patients. However, differences in the all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk between catheter use and arteriovenous access use in young and elderly haemodialysis patients have not yet been investigated. In this prospective cohort study of 1109 incident haemodialysis patients from 38 centres in the Netherlands, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for 2-year all-cause, infection-related and cardiovascular mortality in patients with a catheter as compared to patients with an arteriovenous access stratified for age (< 65 years and ≥ 65 years). Of the 1109 patients, 919 had an arteriovenous access and 190 had a catheter. The mortality rate was 76 per 1000 person-years in young patients with an arteriovenous access, 129 per 1000 person-years in young patients with a catheter, 222 per 1000 person-years in elderly patients with an arteriovenous access and 427 per 1000 person-years in elderly patients with a catheter. The adjusted HR was 3.15 (95% CI: 2.09-4.75) for elderly patients with a catheter as compared to young patients with an arteriovenous access. The adjusted HRs in elderly patients with a catheter as compared to elderly patients with an arteriovenous access were 1.54 (95% CI: 1.13-2.12) for all-cause mortality, 1.60 (95%: CI 0.62-4.19) for infection-related mortality and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.04-2.68) for cardiovascular mortality. Especially, elderly haemodialysis patients with a catheter have an increased all-cause, infection-related and cardiovascular mortality risk as compared to patients with an arteriovenous access.