Abstract
The circulatory system in insects is almost entirely of the open type wherein the haemolymph is confined to the body cavity or haemocoel. The dorsal vessel is a closed structure and considered to be the ‘primary circulatory pump’ (Jones, 1964) or the ‘dorsal pulsatile organ’ (Jones, 1977). The dorsal vessel, various accessory pulsatile organs and septa help to direct the flow of the haemolymph as well as the body movements of the insect. The haemolymph is the extracellular circulating fluid that fills the body cavity of the insect. It is physically isolated from direct contact with the body tissues by a thin permeable membrane which lines the haemocoel. The haemolymph contains organic and inorganic components in addition to cellular elements termed haemocytes.
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