Haemocompatibility evaluation of DLC- and SiC-coated surfaces

Abstract

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and silicon carbide (SiC) coatings are attractive because of low friction coefficient, high hardness, chemical inertness and smooth finish, which they provide to biomedical devices. Silicon wafers (Si(waf)) and silicone rubber (Si(rub)) plates were coated using plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PE-CVD) techniques. This article describes: 1- the characterization of modified surfaces using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) and contact angle measurements, 2- the results of three in-vitro haemocompatibility assays. Coated surfaces were compared to uncoated materials and various substrates such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (LDPE), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and medical steel (MS). Thrombin generation, blood platelet adhesion and complement convertase activity tests revealed the following classification, from the most to the least heamocompatible surface: Si(rub)/ DLC-Si(rub)/ DLC-Si(waf)/ LDPE/ PDMS/ SiC-Si(waf)/ Si(waf)/ PMMA/ MS. The DLC coating surfaces delayed the clotting time, tended to inhibit the platelet and complement convertase activation, whereas SiC-coated silicon wafer can be considered as thrombogenic. This study has taken into account three events of the blood activation: coagulation, platelet activation and inflammation. The response to those events is an indicator of the in vitro haemocompatibility of the different surfaces and it allows us to select biomaterials for further in vivo blood contacting investigations.