Haematological, oxidative stress and electrolyte alterations in puppies with canine parvoviral enteritis

Chigozie Ukwueze,Boniface Anene,Chika Nwosuh,Romanus Ezeokonkwo,Ekemini Akpan

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2019.125582.1094

Abstract

Haematological changes, oxidative stress markers and electrolyte alterations were evaluated in puppies infected with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) that were presented to veterinary hospitals and clinics in South Eastern, Nigeria. Fifty-one dogs were used for the study and they were assigned into three groups. Group I consist of 21 diarrhoeic dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus, groups II, were 15 diarrhoeic dogs uninfected with canine parvovirus and group III, were 15 apparently healthy dogs which served as the control. Immunochromatographic (IC) test was used to screen the dogs for canine parvovirus type 2 infections. The mean red blood cell (RBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (HB) concentrations were significantly lower in the diarrhoeic infected than diarrhoeic non-infected and the control groups. The mean catalase (CAT) of diarrhoeic non-infected group was significantly lower than diarrhoeic infected group and the control. The mean malondialdehyde (MDA) of both diarrhoeic infected and diarrhoeic non-infected groups were significantly higher than the control. The mean serum sodium (Na+) level of the diarrhoeic non infected group was significantly lower than the diarrhoeic infected group. The mean serum potassium (K+) level was significantly lower both in diarrhoeic infected and diarrhoeic non-infected groups compared to the control groups. It was therefore concluded that the levels of oxidative stress and electrolyte alterations may not be affected by the origin or aetiology of a disease (CPV-2), but on the severity of the infection.

Highlights

For the past three decades, canine parvovirus infection has been a major disease of dogs characterized majorly by gastroenteritis [1,2]
The significantly (P
Virus suppression of the bone marrow has been described to play a major role in the pathophysiology of canine parvovirus, with a marked decrease seen in myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic cells, which leads to decrease in the life span of red blood cells [25,26]

Summary

Introduction

For the past three decades, canine parvovirus infection has been a major disease of dogs characterized majorly by gastroenteritis [1,2]. Enteritis and myocarditis are the two major disease forms associated with CPV-2 infection, though the myocarditis form is extremely rare clinical manifestation because of vaccination, unless infection occurred in utero or in puppies born from unvaccinated bitches [5,6,7]. Damage to the intestinal tract increases the risk of bacterial translocation and subsequent septicaemia, which may lead to the development of a systemic inflammatory response that can progress to septic shock and death [8,13,14]. Evidence of systemic oxidative stress is manifested as increased lipid peroxidation [16], and depletion of the antioxidant status of infected animals by increased production of free radicals [17]

Methods

Results

Conclusion