Haematological Changes in African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)Exposed to Mixture of Atrazine and Metolachlor in the Laboratory

George Adi,Akinrotimi Oa,Nwokoma Uk

doi:10.21767/1307-234x.1000129

Abstract

Seventy Two (72) male and female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles of mean length (10.74 ± 1.81 g) were exposed to different concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor (0.00 mg/1-control, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05mg/1) for 14 days to determine its effect on haematological parameters of the fish. The results obtained indicated significant (P<0.05) reductions with increased concentrations of the chemical in haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood Cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocytes, platelets and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, monocytes, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) in fish exposed to the pesticides were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the control. The data obtained from this work will contribute to the base line haematological parameters for use in monitoring health status of Clarias gariepinus in the wild and culture medium

Highlights

Herbicides are widely used all over the world to control the harmful effects of pests and weeds on agricultural productions and fish farm
While the values of white blood cell (WBC) increased from 21.00 to 36.71, Neutrophils 40.00-59.12, monocytes 4.40-8.71, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) 16.47 to 22.71 and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) 31.11 to 32.61.These was a decrease in the values of Hb 11.20 to 8.20, Red blood Cell (RBC) 6.30 to 6.10 packed cell volume (PCV) 36.00 to 10.00%, Lymphocyte 59.66 to 36.12%, platelets 501.21 to 299.33% and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 52.94 TO 27.70 fl, with increasing concentration from control to 0.5 mg/L of the chemical
The result of hematological parameters, in female C. gariepinus juveniles exposed to Atrazine/metalochlor for 14 days is shown in Table 3.The results indicated that there was increase in the values of WBC from 24.00 to 40.81, Neutrophilis 40.21 to 59.33%, and MCHC 34.00 to 74.00%.There was decrease in: Hb from 13.61 to 7.20, RBC 7.40 to 4.51, PCV 39.11 to 10.14, Monocytes 44.21-9.02%, Lymphocytes 59.21 to 35.62%, platelets 614 to 279.33% MCV 52.85 to 22.48 fl andMCH 18.39 to 15.96 pg

Summary

Introduction

Herbicides are widely used all over the world to control the harmful effects of pests and weeds on agricultural productions and fish farm. Atrazine is one of the most intensely used herbicides in the world. It is part of the 5-triazine chemical group. This herbicide inhibits photosynthesis by blockage of electron transport in the plant system (Roses et al, 2013). It is included in the European Union (EU) priority substance list used for water chemical status definition due to its high mobility and persistence in the environment, causing adverse effects at low concentrations (European Commission, 2008). While Metolachlor is a chloroacetanilide that promotes the inhibition of cell division in seedling shoots and roots (Selck et al, 2012)

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