Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Albino Rats in Response to Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the haematological and biochemical alterations in albino rats induced by bisphenol A (BPA). Fifteen adult male albino rats were procured and separated into 3 different groups viz: group 1 (control), group 2 (50 mg/kg), group 3 (250 mg/kg); and were orally administered BPA at doses of 50 and 250 mg/kg/week. After 6 weeks of exposure, blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical assay. The parameters analyzed included: red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, white blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, kidney and liver function tests. The results obtained revealed that there was a sequence of significant decrease (P<0.05) from the control group to group 3 (250 mg//kg) of the BPA-treated groups in the following parameters; total RBC count 7.33-4.40, Hb concentration 16.63-11.13 and PCV count 43.67-34.67. A significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in all leucogram values of BPA-treated groups when compared to the control. The serum levels of AST (44.67-71.00), ALT (13.33-46.67), ALP (64.00-86.67), Na+, K+, urea and creatinine significantly increased (P<0.05) in the groups that received BPA-treatment. There was also a non-significant reduction (P>0.05) in total protein (72.67-61.00) and albumin (49.00-25.00) in BPA-treated groups when compared to the control. These findings demonstrate that exposure of albino rats to BPA resulted in haematological defects and alteration in several biochemical parameters that indicate renal and hepatic toxicity.