Haemathological and histological evaluation of African catfish Clarias gariepinus following acute exposure to Methanolic extract of Khaya senegalensis

Matouke Matouke Moise,Obadiah Audu Abui

doi:10.3329/ralf.v2i3.26171

Abstract

Haematological and histopatholoical effects of methanolic extract of K. senegalensis leaves was investigated on Clarias gariepinus over a period of 96h exposure. The median lethal concentration of the extract was 199.69mg/L. The extract caused decreased in total erythrocytes (TEC) and Packed Cell volume (PCV) respectively and increased of total leukocytes (TLC). Histopathological lesions in the liver, cytoplasmic degeneration, less intracellular space, mild necrosis, sinusoidal blood congestion and marked blood congestion in hepathocytes were recorded. However the severity but not the type of lesions was concentration-dependent. Though, the degree of tissue change (DTC) varied with the methonolic extract used. There was significant association (P<0.05) between the DTC and K. senegalensis methanolic concentration. The cumulative DTC indicated a moderate damage in the liver. The extract was considered toxic to the exposed fish and therefore deleterious on the organs of C. gariepinus.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 475-482, December 2015

Highlights

Khaya senegalensis is commonly used in Africa for shade, medicinal purposes and belong to the Meliacea family (Adanhounsode, 2012)
Studies showed the impact of haematology and gill pathology of Heterobranchus bidorsalis exposed to sub lethal concentration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract
Acute fish toxicity bioassay The effect of K. senegalensis leaves on C. gariepinus showed a high mortality of 60, 83 and 70 at concentration 210 and 230 mg/l respectively

Summary

Introduction

Khaya senegalensis is commonly used in Africa for shade, medicinal purposes and belong to the Meliacea family (Adanhounsode, 2012). Studies showed the impact of haematology and gill pathology of Heterobranchus bidorsalis exposed to sub lethal concentration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Erythrocytes was 2.36 ×106/mm, Packed Cell Volume was 20%, Haemoglobin was 6.68g/dl, mean cell volume was 85.1ft, cell haemoglobin concentration was 33.33 and mean cell concentration was 28.8pg while the mean value for white blood cell was 40.5mm3 These results suggest a variation of values when compared to control (Olufayo and Olufunke, 2012). Many other studies showed similar variation of haematological parameters (Mammanet al., 2013; Ochang, 2007; Odeyemoet al., 2010).Oreochromis niloticus showed hispathological responses while exposed to waterborne copper, the gills were affected with edema, lifting of lamellar epithelia and an intense vasodilatation of the lamellar vascular axis. Histology of liver revealed the presence of heterogenous parenchyma characterized by vacuolization, foci of necrosis, hypertrophy of nuclei and degenerated hepatocytes (Jabeen and Chaudhry, 2013)

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