Abstract
The precise knowledge of (anti-)neutrino fluxes is one of the largest limitation in accelerator-based neutrino experiments. The main limitations arise from the poorly known production properties of neutrino parents in hadron-nucleus interactions. Strategies used by neutrino experiment to constrain their fluxes using external hadroproduction data will be described and illustrated with an example of a tight collaboration between T2K and NA61/SHINE experiments. This enabled a reduction of the T2K neutrino flux uncertainty from ∼25% (without external constraints) down to ∼10%. On-going developments to further constrain the T2K (anti-)neutrino flux are discussed and recent results from NA61/SHINE are reviewed. As the next-generation long baseline experiments aim for a neutrino flux uncertainty at a level of a few percent, the future data-taking plans of NA61/SHINE are discussed.
Highlights
This is the method currently being developed by the T2K collaboration to incorporate the π± yields off the replica target data measured in NA61/SHINE
As only the NA61/SHINE π± uncertainties have been propagated in this νμ flux prediction, this should be considered as a low limit until the analysis is completed
The tight collaborations between hadroproduction and long baseline neutrino experiments lead to precise knowledge of the neutrino flux
Summary
The geometry of the target is of great importance as the re-interactions will produce low energy hadrons To limit this effect, some experiments use a segmented target enabling small-angle high-momentum secondaries to escape. Long baseline neutrino experiments cooperate with external hadroproduction experiments where the beam features are reproduced (beam energy, target material) and the secondary hadrons directly measured. Using the thin target data, the differential multiplicity of π±, K±, p, K0S and Λ production has been measured [13, 14, 15, 16] in bins of secondary particle momentum and polar angle. Using the replica target data, the differential yield of π± per incoming beam proton in bins of pion momentum and polar angle has been measured. The total uncertainty of the measurements ranges between 4% and 14%, the backward tracking of pions from the detector to the surface of the target being the main source
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