Abstract
In a recent article we presented a model for hadronic rescattering, and some results were shown for mathrm {p}mathrm {p} collisions at LHC energies. In order to extend the studies to mathrm {p}mathrm {A} and mathrm {A}mathrm {A} collisions, the Angantyr model for heavy-ion collisions is taken as the starting point. Both these models are implemented within the general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator Pythia, which makes the matching reasonably straightforward, and allows for detailed studies of the full space–time evolution. The rescattering rate is significantly higher than in mathrm {p}mathrm {p}, especially for central mathrm {A}mathrm {A} collisions, where the typical primary hadron rescatters several times. We study the impact of rescattering on a number of distributions, such as p_{perp } and eta spectra, and the space–time evolution of the whole collision process. Notably rescattering is shown to give a significant contribution to elliptic flow in mathrm {XeXe} and mathrm {PbPb}, and to give a nontrivial impact on charm production.
Highlights
Heavy-ion experiments at RHIC and LHC have produced convincing evidence that a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is formed in high-energy nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions
For the purpose of tracing out and investigating the effect of hadronic rescattering depending on detailed event geometry, we find the dynamical modelling of secondary wounded nucleons in Angantyr more appealing than a rather ad hoc scaling factor
Required cross sections are described in detail in Ref. [34], and we only provide a summary of the main concepts here
Summary
Heavy-ion experiments at RHIC and LHC have produced convincing evidence that a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is formed in high-energy nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions. The evolution from low-multiplicity pp to AA is a consequence of an increasing core fraction Another approach is to ask what physics mechanisms, not normally modelled in pp collisions, would be needed to understand pp data without invoking QGP formation. One significant difference between using Angantyr and a QGP-based model is that in the former case, hadronization occurs much sooner than the corresponding process in the latter, producing a denser hadronic state, and rescattering can hypothetically give more significant effects. A desire for convenience is one of the main motivations behind a recently developed framework for hadronic rescattering, implemented natively in Pythia [34] This framework was inspired by UrQMD in the way it handles some of the processes and cross, sections. Momentum and mass are given in GeV, space and time in fm, and cross sections in mb
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