Hadron resonance gas equation of state from lattice QCD

Abstract

The Monte Carlo results in lattice QCD for the pressure and energy density at small temperature $T<155$ MeV and zero baryonic chemical potential are analyzed within the hadron resonance gas model. Two extensions of the ideal hadron resonance gas are considered: the excluded volume model, which describes a repulsion of hadrons at short distances, and the Hagedorn model with an exponential mass spectrum. Considering both of these models we do not find conclusive evidence in favor of either of them. The controversial results appear because of rather different sensitivities of the pressure and energy density to both excluded volume and Hagedorn mass spectrum effects. On the other hand, we have found clear evidence for a simultaneous presence of both of them. They lead to rather essential contributions: suppression effects for thermodynamical functions of the hadron resonance gas due to the excluded volume effects and enhancement due to the Hagedorn mass spectrum.