Abstract
Single-pixel imaging which employs active illumination to acquire spatial information is an innovative imaging scheme and has received increasing attentions in recent years. It is applicable to imaging at non-visible wavelengths and imaging under low light conditions. However, single-pixel imaging has once encountered problems of low reconstruction quality and long data-acquisition time. Hadamard single-pixel imaging (HSI) and Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) are two representative deterministic model based techniques. Both techniques are able to achieve high-quality and efficient imaging, remarkably improving the applicability of single-pixel imaging scheme. In this paper, we compare the performances of HSI and FSI with theoretical analysis and experiments. The results show that FSI is more efficient than HSI while HSI is more noise-robust than FSI. Our work may provide a guideline for researchers to choose suitable single-pixel imaging technique for their applications.
Highlights
The earliest example of single-pixel imaging might be the flying-spot camera patented by Paul Nipkow in 1884
Hadamard basis patterns are binary, which makes Hadamard single-pixel imaging (HSI) naturally suitable for singlepixel imaging systems based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD)
Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) presents clearer and sharper reconstruction than HSI in the case of undersampling, especially when the sampling ratio is under 10%
Summary
The earliest example of single-pixel imaging might be the flying-spot camera patented by Paul Nipkow in 1884. To obtain a Hadamard coefficient, one can project the corresponding Hadamard basis pattern(s) onto the object and use a single-pixel detector to measure the resultant light intensity. To obtain a Fourier coefficient, one can project the corresponding Fourier basis pattern(s) onto the object and use the single-pixel detector to measure the inner product between Fourier basis patterns and the object. With the prior knowledge that the Fourier spectrum of any real-valued image is conjugated symmetric, fully sampling an M × N -pixel image using 4-step FSI takes 2× M × N measurements. FSI and HSI are single-pixel imaging techniques based on basis scan and theoretically allow perfect reconstruction for any images in noiseless situations
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