Abstract
Animals make choices about where to spend their time in complex and dynamic landscapes, choices that reveal information about their biology that in turn can be used to guide their conservation. Using GPS collars, we conducted a novel individual-based analysis of habitat use and selection by the elusive and endangered giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). We constructed spatial autoregressive resource utilization functions (RUF) to model the relationship between the pandas' utilization distributions and various habitat characteristics over a continuous space across seasons. Results reveal several new insights, including use of a broader range of habitat characteristics than previously understood for the species, particularly steep slopes and non-forest areas. We also used compositional analysis to analyze habitat selection (use with respect to availability of habitat types) at two selection levels. Pandas selected against low terrain position and against the highest clumped forest at the at-home range level, but no significant factors were identified at the within-home range level. Our results have implications for modeling and managing the habitat of this endangered species by illustrating how individual pandas relate to habitat and make choices that differ from assumptions made in broad scale models. Our study also highlights the value of using a spatial autoregressive RUF approach on animal species for which a complete picture of individual-level habitat use and selection across space is otherwise lacking.
Highlights
The relationship between animals and their habitats is a central component of wildlife ecology [1]
18–42% of their utilization distributions were in areas classified as non-forest, a habitat type typically deemed unsuitable for their inhabitance
This study makes new contributions to understanding habitat use and selection of the endangered giant panda. These include the observation of pandas using a wider range of habitats than previously thought and the illustration of key differences between habitat use and habitat selection for variables such as slope and forest at multiple scales
Summary
The relationship between animals and their habitats is a central component of wildlife ecology [1]. One important area of research involves understanding the behavior of individual animals as they use habitats distributed across heterogeneous space [2, 3]. Such studies often reveal a wealth of information that cannot be obtained by population-level surveys, including information on fine-scale variation over space and time [2, 4]. Habitat Use and Giant Pandas and the Giant Panda International Collaboration Fund (Grant SD0631; SD1113). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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