Abstract
Williamson's sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus thyroideus) have narrow habitat and are sensitive indicators of change in intensively managed forest habitats of western North America. Thus, we studied habitat suitability for Williamson's sapsuckers at 99 4-ha sites (33 nest sites, 66 non-use sites) in mixedconifer forests in Arizona during 1991. Nesting success of sapsuckers was high in this habitat (93.2% nest success, 0.0014 daily mortality, n = 724 nest days), and they preferred to nest in tall (P < 0.05) aspen snags (P < 0.001) near the bottom (P = 0.012) of snow-melt drainages with 0-2O% of the canopies dominated by aspen. Sapsucker nest sites had particularly large (P < 0.05) live aspen and aspen snags in the surrounding area. Nest sites also had high (P < 0.05) snag densities (x = 7.65 snags/ha) in the surrounding area, and these snag densities exceeded those commonly used in forest management plans
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