Abstract
Understanding the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on species’ habitat use and distribution is critical to conservation managers in planning effective conservation strategies and mitigating the impact of development. Few studies have focused on the Himalayan red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in Bhutan. This study aimed to assess the habitat requirements and threats to this endangered species in the Khamaed subdistrict of the Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan. We employed a transect walk and plot‐sampling survey design across two seasons, that is, winter and spring. In total, we surveyed 84 × 50 m radius circular plots along 51 km of existing trails within a 25.4 km2 study area. At 500 m intervals, we established plots at random distances and direction from the trail. We recorded direct sightings (n = 2) and indirect signs (n = 14), such as droppings and footprints as evidence of red panda presence within an altitudinal range of 2,414–3,618 m. We also noted 21 tree and 12 understory species within plots with red panda evidence; the dominant tree species was the Himalayan hemlock (Tsuga dumosa) and the Asian barberry (Berberis asiatica) as an understory species. Red panda presence showed a significant positive association with distance to water sources and fir forests. Plant disturbance and infrastructure, such as power transmission lines, were identified as prominent anthropogenic threats in the study area. Based on our findings, we recommend the development and implementation of local forest management plans, livestock intensification programs, and strict application of environmental impact assessment regulations to promote the conservation of the red panda in the region.
Highlights
Information and knowledge on species’ distribution are vital to understand their presence and infer habitat and ecological requirements (Elith & Leathwick, 2009; Noon, Bailey, Sisk, & McKelvey, 2012)
We examined the fit of candidate models by selecting the lowest Akaike's information criterion corrected (AICc) for small sample sizes, and final model sets were restricted to ∆AICc < 1 for habitat use variables and ∆AICc < 2 for disturbance variables before model averaging (Bloker et al, 2009; Burnham & Anderson, 2002; Harrison et al, 2018)
Red panda presence was significantly associated with habitats close to water sources and fir forest
Summary
Information and knowledge on species’ distribution are vital to understand their presence and infer habitat and ecological requirements (Elith & Leathwick, 2009; Noon, Bailey, Sisk, & McKelvey, 2012). Threats to red panda survival are greatest in Bhutan, India, and Nepal than other range countries (Thapa, Hu, & Wei, 2018). Fragmentation, and degradation are some of the major threats to the red panda populations in these countries (Bista et al, 2017; Glatston et al, 2015; Pradhan et al, 2001; Wei et al, 1999; Yonzon & Hunter, 1991). Despite Jigme Dorji National Park (JDNP) harboring key red panda habitats in Bhutan (Dorji, Vernes, & Rajaratnam, 2011), very few studies have focused on documenting the conservation threats to this species in this region. This study sought to identify the threat factors affecting red panda habitat use
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