Abstract
Soil is a major global terrestrial ecosystem that offers the greatest variability of environments for the organisms populating it, ensuring the Earth's greatest biodiversity. Focusing on micro-environmental conditions, this chapter examines the importance of soil solid phase and pore structure on water and gas availability to soil organisms, along with importance of soil pH and other chemical characteristics. The vicinity and surfaces of pores is where most of soil microorganisms and micro- meso-fauna live, thus, properties and habitat value of different pore classes, as well as rhizosphere and detritusphere, the two soil hotspots of biological activity, are separately discussed.
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