Abstract
espanolEn los ultimos anos, la literatura ha analizado la relacion entre las habilidades cognitivas y no cognitivas y los resultados del mercado laboral. Mas aun, se ha estudiado la correlacion entre diferencias en estas habilidades y diferencias en salarios entre hombres y mujeres. No obstante, la mayoria de los estudios en torno al tema se ha enfocado en paises desarrollados. El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar el rol de las habilidades cognitivas y no cognitivas en la brecha salarial de genero en el Peru. Para ello, proponemos utilizar informacion longitudinal de medidas de habilidad para estimar componentes inobservables (o latentes) de ambas habilidades y analizar el rol de dichos componentes en el salario. Los resultados indican que existe una brecha salarial de genero significativa en el Peru, que puede ser explicada por diferencias en el retorno de habilidades cognitivas latentes y por diferencias en la dotacion de habilidades no cognitivas latentes. Luego de estimar un modelo conjunto de educacion, empleo, ocupacion y salarios, se observa que aun cuando las habilidades latentes explican la brecha de salarios, las mismas son mas importantes para explicar la diferencia en la decision de ocupacion tomada entre hombres y mujeres. EnglishRecently there has been growing interest in the relationship between cognitive and non cognitive abilities and labor market outcomes. A large literature provides evidence on the positive connection between gaps in abilities and gaps in wages between men and women. However, attention is focused on developed countries. The main objective of this paper is to identify latent abilities and explore their role in the gender wage gap in Peru. The main identification strategy relies on exploiting panel data information on test scores and arguing that time dependence across measures is due to latent abilities. Results show a significant gender wage gap in Peru and that even though when accounting for measured abilities differences in non cognitive abilities seem irrelevant, when accounting for differences in actual latent ability non cognitive abilities account for important inter-gender differences in the endowment and returns of abilities. Moreover, inter-gender differences in latent abilities play an important role not only in wage profiles, but in schooling, employment and occupation decisions.
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