Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a ubiquitous gaseous signaling molecule that has an important role in many physiological and pathological processes in mammalian tissues, with the same importance as two others endogenous gasotransmitters such as NO (nitric oxide) and CO (carbon monoxide). Endogenous H2S is involved in a broad gamut of processes in mammalian tissues including inflammation, vascular tone, hypertension, gastric mucosal integrity, neuromodulation, and defense mechanisms against viral infections as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results suggest that the modulation of H2S levels has a potential therapeutic value. Consequently, synthetic H2S-releasing agents represent not only important research tools, but also potent therapeutic agents. This review has been designed in order to summarize the currently available H2S donors; furthermore, herein we discuss their preparation, the H2S-releasing mechanisms, and their -biological applications.
Highlights
Hu et al indicated that a systemic administration of H2S could reduce behavioral symptoms and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD models [127]. They determined that endogenous H2S production is lowered during the development of PD, and the results have suggested that the administration of H2S could have therapeutic benefits for Parkinson’s disease
These results indicate that appropriate treatments with H2S donors and Tabiano’s spa-waters and other spa-waters rich in H2S content might represent an innovative approach to slow down Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression in humans by targeting multiple pathophysiological mechanisms [128]
The obtained compounds were assessed for the potential H2S-releasing profile in a cell-free environment aBnSdMinCsBaSnMdChsa(vberobnecehniaslhsomwonottho bmeumscolereceelflfse)c. tiMveotlehcaunlatrhemroedfeerlelinncgesctoumdipesoucanrdriNedS1619 o[u2t58w].ith two hybrids 92 and 93 (Figure 46) have been reported and the results showed that thIneiradsifmfeirleanrtpHap2Se-rr,eCleoarsviningoperot pael.rtrieps omrtaeydbae ldibureatroy tohfehsytebrriicdasccoebstsaiibnileidtyboyf the conisdoetnhsioactiyoannaotfeccoarrtbicoonsatetoromid
Summary
The scientific literature concerning the biological roles for endogenous hydrogen sulfide is continuously growing. Several studies have reported that H2S performs physiological effects at a broad range of concentrations (10–300 μM) [5,6,7]. It is known that H2S participates in the regulation of numerous physiological responses, for example, antiinflammation [54], oxidative stress [55], neuromodulation [56], vasoregulation [57], protection from reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction [58], and insulin resistance [59]. Scientific research has continued to investigate H2S in relation to its involvement in various phases of cellular signaling, cell function, and cytoprotection
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