Abstract
Changes in the intestinal microbial community and some metabolic disturbances, including obesity and type2 diabetes, are related. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates glucose homeostasis. Microbiota have been linked to incretin secretion. Antibiotic use causes changes in microbial diversity and composition. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between microbiota changes and GLP-1 secretion. A prospective case-control study with a Helicobacter pylori-positive patient model involving subjects under eradication therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin). Forty patients with H. pylori infection and 20 matched participants, but negative for H. pylori antigen. Patients were evaluated before and two months after treatment. We analyzed anthropometric measurements, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (IlluminaMiSeq). Eradication treatment for H. pylori decreased bacterial richness (Chao1, p = 0.041). Changes in gut microbiota profiles were observed at phylum, family, genus and species levels. GLP-1 secretion and variables of carbohydrate metabolism were improved. Correlations were seen between GLP-1 changes and variations within microbial community abundances, specifically Bifidobacterium adolescentis, the Lachnobacterium genus, and Coriobacteriaceae family. A conventional treatment to eradicate H. pylori could improve carbohydrate metabolism possibly in relation with an increase in GLP-1 secretion. GLP-1 secretion may be related to alterations in intestinal microbiota, specifically Lachnobacterium, B. adolescentis and Coriobacteriaceae.
Highlights
The discovery of the great impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic disease has led to its intensive study in recent decades and suggests a key role in the regulation of adiposity and host energy and carbohydrate homeostasis [1]
We propose to study a population of patients who receives antibiotic treatment for eradication of H. pylori to demonstrate whether the foreseeable changes in the microbiota produced by the antibiotic treatment are able to modify Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion
We found that 2 months after the completion of antibiotic therapy there was an overall increase in GLP-1 levels, with values approaching those of the control group, which can be related to improved carbohydrate metabolism, with lower HbA1c levels
Summary
The discovery of the great impact of intestinal microbiota on metabolic disease has led to its intensive study in recent decades and suggests a key role in the regulation of adiposity and host energy and carbohydrate homeostasis [1]. The intestinal microbiome in humans is considered a virtual externalized, metabolically adaptable, flexible, and rapidly renewable organ, involved in the maintenance of host homeostasis and metabolism; its composition and modifications are of special interest. The two most abundant phyla of the human intestinal microbiota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are enriched with genes that encode multiple enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [6]. GLP-1 regulates glucose homeostasis [7]. GLP-1 has trophic effects on pancreatic β cells [8,9], reduces acid secretion in the stomach, and delays gastric emptying. GLP-1 regulates appetite by inducing a feeling of satiety
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