Abstract

Ebenezer Howard (1850–1928) originally developed the concept of the garden city, first published in 1898 in his book To‐morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform , though better known through the retitled and slightly amended second edition of 1902, Garden Cities of To‐morrow . He founded the Garden City Association (the present Town and Country Planning Association) in 1899 and played a central role in the foundation of the two garden cities at Letchworth (1903) and Welwyn Garden City (1920) in Hertfordshire, England. He also promoted the garden city as a model for urban living throughout the world and adapted versions of his ideas came to have a major impact on twentieth‐century urban planning policies, especially in the United Kingdom.

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