Abstract

We have investigated fractions of negative hydrogen atoms after the interaction of fast protons with energies ranging from 1–30 keV with a clean Al(111) surface under grazing angles of incidence. The observed H − fractions are generally small ( < 0.5%) and depend strongly on the angle of emergence and the state of preparation of the target surface. We find a resonance type of dependence for the negative ion yield on projectile velocity component parallel to the surface plane, which can be understood in a model of resonant one-electron tunneling between surface and atom. This model implies that H − formation in grazing surface scattering proceeds in a two-step process of single-electron transfer.

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