Abstract
Gyrocardiography (GCG) is a new non-invasive technique for assessing heart motions by using a sensor of angular motion – gyroscope – attached to the skin of the chest. In this study, we conducted simultaneous recordings of electrocardiography (ECG), GCG, and echocardiography in a group of subjects consisting of nine healthy volunteer men. Annotation of underlying fiducial points in GCG is presented and compared to opening and closing points of heart valves measured by a pulse wave Doppler. Comparison between GCG and synchronized tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) data shows that the GCG signal is also capable of providing temporal information on the systolic and early diastolic peak velocities of the myocardium. Furthermore, time intervals from the ECG Q-wave to the maximum of the integrated GCG (angular displacement) signal and maximal myocardial strain curves obtained by 3D speckle tracking are correlated. We see GCG as a promising mechanical cardiac monitoring tool that enables quantification of beat-by-beat dynamics of systolic time intervals (STI) related to hemodynamic variables and myocardial contractility.
Highlights
The heart is an intricate object which undergoes repeating changes in different dimensions and orientations[1]
Ballistocardiography (BCG) — the recording of the reactionary forces of the body invented by Gordon in 1877 – and seismocardiography — the recording of chest wall vibrations invented by Bozhenko in 1961 — are non-invasive methods which have been used for cardiac mechanical monitoring[11,12,13,14]
Our major contributions in this work are the waveform annotation of a cardiac signal measured unobtrusively using a gyroscope, and the use of such signal for the estimation of the timing of maximal tissue velocity and strain of the myocardium measured with echocardiography
Summary
The heart is an intricate object which undergoes repeating changes in different dimensions and orientations[1]. Marcelli et al.[32, 33], Hyler et al.[34], and Grymyr et al.[35], on the other hand, reported invasive techniques based upon implantable gyroscope and accelerometer sensors in order to monitor left ventricular function and assess cardiac rotation in animals. These studies report promising results which may yield to a prospective strategy suitable for implantable devices for the continuous monitoring of cardiac function. Other studies have showed that by using gyroscope one can improve the automated interpretation of SCG signals in order to estimate heart rate variability, cardiac time intervals and annotation of waveforms[36,37,38]
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