Abstract
Introduction: Gynura procumbens (Lorr.) Merr. (GP) displays cardio-protective effect, which may hinder atherogenesis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the chemical constituents of GP ethanol extract and its aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, and their effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation during atherogenesis. Methods: Initially, the bioactive constituents in GP ethanol extract and its fractions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generated mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) were loaded with oxLDL and GP ethanol extract and its fractions for 24 hours and co-cultured with mouse CD4+ T cells for 72 hours. For the determination of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, Foxp3, DLL-3, and Jagged-1 mRNA gene expression, the floating cells (CD4+ T cells) and adherence cells (BMDC) were isolated from their total RNAs and reverse transcribed into cDNA.Results: GC-MS analysis showed that GP ethanol extract and its fractions contained various volatile compounds. GP ethanol extract and its fractions also increased the DLL-3 gene but suppressed Jagged-1 gene expression in oxLDL-treated BMDC. Furthermore, GP ethanol extract and its fractions suppressed T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt gene expression but increased the expression of the Foxp3 gene in differentiated CD4 + T cells. Conclusion: GP ethanol extract and its fractions are composed of various bioactive chemical components that can induce anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting pro-atherogenic cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells while increasing anti-atherogenic cells, Treg cells.
Highlights
Gynura procumbens (Lorr.) Merr. (GP) displays cardio-protective effect, which may hinder atherogenesis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein and leukocytes
The current study showed that T helper 1 (Th1) transcription factor, T-bet gene was increased when CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-treated bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) for three days
Similar to T-bet, the current study demonstrated that GATA-3 gene was highly expressed when CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with oxLDL-treated BMDC for three days
Summary
Gynura procumbens (Lorr.) Merr. (GP) displays cardio-protective effect, which may hinder atherogenesis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the chemical constituents of GP ethanol extract and its aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, and their effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation during atherogenesis. GP ethanol extract and its fractions increased the DLL-3 gene but suppressed Jagged-1 gene expression in oxLDL-treated BMDC. GP ethanol extract and its fractions suppressed T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt gene expression but increased the expression of the Foxp gene in differentiated CD4 + T cells. Conclusion: GP ethanol extract and its fractions are composed of various bioactive chemical components that can induce anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting pro-atherogenic cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells while increasing anti-atherogenic cells, Treg cells. Th1, Th2, Th17 cells were demonstrated to promote atherogenesis whereby Treg cells inhibited atherosclerotic plaque development
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
