Abstract
The sealers used for root canal treatment should be biocompatible for the peri-radicular tissues, to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of GuttaFlow® bioseal sealer and to compare them with AH26® epoxy resin. Culture media were conditioned with the GuttaFlow® bioseal and AH26® pellets. MDPC-23 odontoblast cell cultures were treated with conditioned medium and serial dilutions. To evaluate the metabolic activity and cellular viability, the MTT and SRB assays were performed. To determine the production of reactive oxygen species, the DHE and DCF-DA probes were used. Cell cycle and cell-death types were assessed by cytometry, and to evaluate the mineralization capacity, the Alizarin Red S coloration was used. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) when normality was found and Kruskal-Wallis on the opposite case. For the comparison with normality values, the Student t-test was used. Cells exposed to the GuttaFlow® bioseal conditioned medium maintained high metabolic activities, except at higher concentrations. Likewise, viability was maintained, but a significant decrease was observed after exposure to the highest concentration (p < 0.001), associated with cell death by late apoptosis and necrosis. When cell cultures were exposed to AH26®, metabolic activity was highly compromised, resulting in cell death. An imbalance in the production of peroxides and superoxide anion was observed. GuttaFlow® bioseal showed higher biocompatibility than AH26®.
Highlights
Root canal treatment involves disinfection and conformation, followed by the tridimensional obturation and sealing the root canal system
® bioseal determined a decrease of the cellular metabolic activity, with the increase of GuttaFlow bioseal determined a decrease of the cellular metabolic activity, with the increase
The cell cultures were detached by washing with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubating with trypsin-EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA)
Summary
Root canal treatment involves disinfection and conformation, followed by the tridimensional obturation and sealing the root canal system. This therapy aims to avoid infection and to promote the repair of the peri-radicular tissues [1]. Due to the insufficiency of this material to ensure adequate, hermetic, and three-dimensional canal filling, endodontic cements are used. These sealers aim to fill the irregularities between the dentin walls and the gutta cone, the lateral and accessory canals, and seal the dentinal tubules to prevent root canal infection [4,5]. When extrusion of the sealer occurs, it may not be reabsorbed from the peri-radicular tissues, which may alter the healing time or cause undesirable tissue reactions [4,6,7]
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