Abstract
The bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and gut microbiota, referred to as the gut-brain-axis, has been of significant interest in recent years. Increasing evidence has associated gut microbiota to both gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal diseases. Dysbiosis and inflammation of the gut have been linked to causing several mental illnesses including anxiety and depression, which are prevalent in society today. Probiotics have the ability to restore normal microbial balance, and therefore have a potential role in the treatment and prevention of anxiety and depression. This review aims to discuss the development of the gut microbiota, the linkage of dysbiosis to anxiety and depression, and possible applications of probiotics to reduce symptoms.
Highlights
The bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and gut microbiota, referred to as the gut-brain-axis, has been of significant interest in recent years
This review aims to discuss the ia development of the gut microbiota, the linkc age of dysbiosis to anxiety and depression, r and possible applications of probiotics to e reduce symptoms. mm Introduction o Healthy gut function has been linked to c normal central nervous system (CNS) function.[1,2,3,4]
The microbiota is defined as all microorganisms in a particular location, such as the GI tract or skin.[10,11]
Summary
The bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and gut microbiota, referred to as the gut-brain-axis, has been of significant interest in recent years. This review aims to discuss the ia development of the gut microbiota, the linkc age of dysbiosis to anxiety and depression, r and possible applications of probiotics to e reduce symptoms. Mm Introduction o Healthy gut function has been linked to c normal central nervous system (CNS) function.[1,2,3,4] Hormones, neurotransmitters and n immunological factors released from the o gut are known to send signals to the brain N either directly or via autonomic neurons. The existence of the gut-brain axis was proposed in the landmark study by Sudo and colleagues that discovered the impaired stress response in germ-free mice. Other studies using germ-free mice supported this existence, and the idea that the gut-brain-axis (GBA) extends even their respective genetic material. The microbiota is defined as all microorganisms in a particular location, such as the GI tract or skin.[10,11] This distinction is relevant as this review will focus on the microbiota of the gut in the context of the gut-brain axis, though there will be discussion of the human microbiome where appropriate
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