Gut Microbiota of Salmo trutta fario and Oncorhynchus mykiss: Implications for Fish Health and Aquaculture Management

Abstract

This review compares the gut microbiota of two economically significant freshwater fish species from India’s Himalayas, Salmo trutta fario and Oncorhynchus mykiss. Knowing the composition and variety of gut microbiota in these two species is crucial to their health and productivity. Recent sequencing advances have helped to find and characterize different microbial communities in numerous habitats, including fish gut microbiota. The gut microbiota of these two fish has been compared using Himalayan literature. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria dominate both species’ gut microbiota, but their relative abundance differs. S. trutta fario has a more metabolically varied gut microbiota than O. mykiss. Scientific literature reveals that diet, water quality, seasonality, and host genetics influence the fish gut microbiome. Nutrition greatly affects the intestinal microbiome of animals. This study examines how the gut microbiota affects these fish’s immune systems and probiotics’ ability to boost their health and performance. This review reveals how changing the gut microbiota of these species might increase their health and production. In order to enhance the health of these commercially important fish species, there is a need for more research to understand the complex interaction between gut microbiota, host genetics, and environmental factors.