Gut Microbiota as an Objective Measurement for Auxiliary Diagnosis of Insomnia Disorder.

Bingdong Liu,Liwei Xie,Weifeng Lin,Li Liu,Guohuan Xu,Jiyang Pan,Yulong Yin,Shujie Chen,Zhihong Liu,Yifan Yang,Ting Xiang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01770

Abstract

Insomnia is a type of sleep disorder which is associated with various diseases’ development and progression, such as obesity, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Recent investigation of the gut-brain axis enhances our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in brain-related diseases. However, whether the gut microbiota is associated with insomnia remains unknown. In the present investigation, leveraging the 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 region and the novel bioinformatic analysis, it was demonstrated that between insomnia and healthy populations, the composition, diversity and metabolic function of the gut microbiota are significantly changed. Other than these, redundancy analysis, co-occurrence analysis and PICRUSt underpin the gut taxa composition, signaling pathways, and metabolic functions perturbed by insomnia disorder. Moreover, random forest together with cross-validation identified two signature bacteria, which could be used to distinguish the insomnia patients from the healthy population. Furthermore, based on the relative abundance and clinical sleep parameter, we constructed a prediction model utilizing artificial neural network (ANN) for auxiliary diagnosis of insomnia disorder. Overall, the aforementioned study provides a comprehensive understanding of the link between the gut microbiota and insomnia disorder.

Highlights

Sleep disorder is associated with various diseases’ development and progression, such as obesity, type II diabetes (Knutson et al, 2007) and cardiovascular diseases (Drager et al, 2017)
In the present investigation we combined 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and innovative bioinformatic analysis to examine the pathological and physiological significance of the gut microbiota between healthy participants and patients suffering insomnia disorder. Leveraging these innovative analyses, such as redundancy analysis, co-occurrence analysis, PICRUSt, random forest and artificial neural networks (ANN), we demonstrated that the gut taxa composition, signaling pathways, and metabolic functions are perturbed in patients with insomnia disorder
Rarefaction analysis of chao1 (p = 0.007) and PD whole tree (p = 0.001) index showed significant difference between the healthy and insomnia groups, suggesting that insomnia disorder may result in Insomnia Disorder Disturbs the Gut Flora Interaction

Summary

Introduction

Sleep disorder is associated with various diseases’ development and progression, such as obesity, type II diabetes (Knutson et al, 2007) and cardiovascular diseases (Drager et al, 2017). Microbial dysbiosis may contribute to the development of neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorder, depression and Alzheimer’s disease (Neufeld et al, 2014; Pistollato et al, 2016; Chen et al, 2017; Lach et al, 2018). Several studies have provided preliminary evidence for the involvement of the gut microbiota in sleep disorders of murine models and human patients. Either sleep fragmentation or sleep deprivation refers to curtailed sleep length due to an externally imposed restriction of the opportunity to sleep, while insomnia refers to the inability to fall asleep adequately, either in length or quality. Considering the significant difference in definition between sleep fragmentation/deprivation and insomnia, to date, study investigating the relationship between insomnia and gut flora remains unexplored

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Conclusion