Gut Microbiota Approach-A New Strategy to Treat Parkinson's Disease.

Jing Liu,Fei Xu,Lei Shao,Lei Shao,Zhiyan Nie

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.570658

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra, which contain a variety of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn). Medications that increase or substitute for dopamine can be used for the treatment of PD. Recently, numerous studies have shown gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining multiple aspects of host physiology including host metabolism and neurodevelopment. In this review article, the role of gut microbiota in the etiological mechanism of PD will be reviewed. Furthermore, we discussed current pharmaceutical medicine-based methods to prevent and treat PD, followed by describing specific strains that affect the host brain function through the gut-brain axis. We explained in detail how gut microbiota directly produces neurotransmitters or regulate the host biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters secreted by the intestinal lumen bacteria may induce epithelial cells to release molecules that, in turn, can regulate neural signaling in the enteric nervous system and subsequently control brain function and behavior through the brain-gut axis. Finally, we proved that the microbial regulation of the host neuronal system. Endogenous α-syn can be transmitted long distance and bidirectional between ENS and brain through the circulatory system which gives us a new option that the possibility of altering the community of gut microbiota in completely new medication option for treating PD.

Highlights

Parkinson’s disease (PD), known as tremor paralysis, is a common neurological degenerative disease in the elderly, characterized by the lesions of substantia nigra and striatum (Liepelt-Scarfone et al, 2013)
PD is associated with a variety of factors, including cerebrovascular disease (Haugarvoll et al, 2005), cerebral arteriosclerosis (Kummer et al, 2019), infections (Limphaibool et al, 2019), poisoning (Taba, 2017; Li et al, 2018), trauma, medications (Höllerhage, 2019), and genetic defects (Vila and Przedborski, 2004; Manzoni and Lewis, 2013)
The majority of people who get PD are over the age of 60, the incidence of PD among people over 60 is about one percent, men are more susceptible to PD than women at a ratio of about 3:2 (De Lau and Breteler, 2006; Dorsey and Bloem, 2018; Cerri et al, 2019)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Parkinson’s disease (PD), known as tremor paralysis, is a common neurological degenerative disease in the elderly, characterized by the lesions of substantia nigra and striatum (Liepelt-Scarfone et al, 2013). The intestinal a-syn forms (including monomers, oligomers, and fibrils) reach the DMV through vagal innervation and eventually damage the substantia nigra, which lead to the appearance of the clinical symptoms of PD (Braak et al, 2006; Recasens and Dehay, 2014; Longhena et al, 2017) (Figure 1). According to this hyperthesis, the clinical pathology of PD can be found in the following three stages.

Surgical procedures

Surgical Procedures

Findings

CONCLUSION