Abstract
Diarrhea is a common problem to the whole world and the occurrence of diarrhea is highly associated with gut microbiota, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Generally, diarrheal patients or animals are characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and pathogen infections may lead to diarrheal phenotypes. Of relevance, reprograming gut microbiota communities by dietary probiotics or fecal bacteria transplantation are widely introduced to treat or prevent diarrhea. In this review, we discussed the influence of the gut microbiota in the infection of diarrhea pathogens, and updated the research of reshaping the gut microbiota to prevent or treat diarrhea for the past few years. Together, gut microbiota manipulation is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of diarrhea, and further insight into the function of the gut microbiota will help to discover more anti-diarrhea probiotics.
Highlights
Diarrhea is a common health problem in the world, which induces 1.3 million deaths every year (Troeger et al, 2017), especially for infants and young children (Lamberti et al, 2016; Black et al, 2019)
The results showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) increased the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract and reduced the number of harmful bacteria, and further research showed that FMT triggered the intestinal mucosal autophagy and reduce the damage of the intestinal barrier caused by E. coli K88 (Cheng et al, 2018)
Diarrhea is related to changes of gut microbiota and balanced gut microbiota is resistant to the colonization of diarrhea pathogens
Summary
Diarrhea is a common health problem in the world, which induces 1.3 million deaths every year (Troeger et al, 2017), especially for infants and young children (Lamberti et al, 2016; Black et al, 2019). The intestinal tract of mammals hosts a high and diverse number of different microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses (Ryan et al, 2020). Dysbiosis (bacteria, fungi, and viruses disorders) characterized by pathogens domination is widely identified in diarrheal humans and animals, and one area of diarrhea currently receiving a large amount of attention is the interaction with gut microbiota. Pathogen-produced toxic substances further cause abnormal gut function and immune responses, leading to the occurrence of diarrhea (Ward et al, 2016). Bacteria, fungi, and viruses mediated-diarrhea are mainly discussed
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